Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestines, caused by a virus.

The main symptoms include vomiting (throwing up) and diarrhea (watery stool).

In addition to diarrhea and vomiting, a child with viral gastroenteritis may have the following symptoms.

• Fever
• Stomach cramps or a sore stomach off and on
• Decreased activity level
• Increased sleepiness
• Decreased appetite

Diarrhea and vomiting can cause a loss of fluids from the body, also known as dehydration which can be life-threatening.

Worrying symptoms of dehydration include:

• Dry, cracked lips and a dry or sticky mouth
• Low or no urine output
• Changes in behavior such as being very sleepy or irritable

Treating viral gastroenteritis

The best treatment for viral gastroenteritis in children is to prevent dehydration. Dehydration happens when more fluid leaves the body than enters it.

First 12 hours of illness:

• Give small amounts of clear fluid frequently.
• Offer 5ml (1 teaspoon) of fluid every 5 minutes.
• Increase the amount of fluid as tolerated.
• Pedialyte, Gatorade and other clear fluids may be offered.
• Do not make your own electrolyte solution.
• Solids may be given once fluids are tolerated and vomiting has stopped.
• Start with plain starchy foods such as pasta, rice, bananas, soup and apple sauce.

Your doctor can prescribe medication if needed to stop the vomiting.

Do not give medications to stop the vomiting and diarrhea (Gravol and Immodium).

Antibiotics are not used for treating viral gastroenteritis.

If dehydration is severe, children not tolerating fluids may have to be given fluid intravenously (IV) at the hospital.

Following the vomiting, diarrhea may develop and last for 1-10 days.

Preventing the spread of gastroenteritis

• Viral gastroenteritis can spread by sharing food, water and utensils.
• Frequent hand washing can help prevent the spread of infection to others.
• Cleaning surfaces of your home with a disinfectant wipe or cleansor.